THE PROCESSES AND MECHANİSMS OF HUMAN SPECIATION

A Testable Hypothesis

Human became modern human experiencing three main leaps:

1-  The Leap of bipedalism:

Our common ancestor was a tree dwelling animal 7-8mya. Changing environmental and habitat conditions (great volcanoes and great rift formations in east Africa) forced that primate to hunt and gather their food in shallow water which was lakeside, riverside and swamp. Hunting and gathering foods (water plants, sea food and fresh water food) forced that primate to walk on two feet (selective pressure). During 4-5my.  that australopithecine walked on two feet to find food in shallow waters. That behaviour was not aquatic as whales and dolphins are. Because at nights this australopithecine was climbing up for sleeping on the trees which hadn’t something to eat on them due to volcanic ashes. (3, 4, 5) Australopithecine behaviour was semi-arboreal, semi-aquatic. The bipedalism is one of main leaps in human evolution because the bipedalism drove to vertical body according to the physical laws. The human didn’t become intelligent living being, becoming free handed and using free hands. The hands of chimpanzees and other primates are free. They use their hands they can’t become intelligent living being. The body of australopithecine was in the water while they were foraging, hunting, gathering sea foods during 4-5my. This semi-aquatic semi-arboreal life caused the hair of australopithecine body to lose owing to staying in the water for a long time. The hair of head of australopithecine didn’t lose because the head of australopithecine was outside the water to breath.

2-  The Leap of Mental Overturning:

The embryo’s head of all terrestrial mammalians are faced to birth canal. Our common ancester’s embryo’s head was at the same position as today’s terrestrial mammalian. Nearly 2 mya. australopithecine body gradually became upright and australopithecine embryo gave an adaptive response to that vertical body. This adaptive response was overturning of embryo in accordance with physical laws. As a result of this overturning (180⁰) the embryo head turned towards mother’s diaphragm. Modern human embryos reverse this overturning on the 7 th month of pregnancy and get ready for birth. This mental overturning triggered skull (brain) growing. The science of embryology shows that embryo’s skull grows, develops and forms according to the vector forces affecting the embryo’s skull from inside and outside in uterus. The embryo overturned nearly 2 mya, when australopithecine body become gradually upright.  As a result of that overturning, the same vector forces as the vector forces affecting modern human embryo skull from inside and outside, affected australopithecine embryo’s skull. (1, 2) This hypothesis can be tested; one chimpanzee embryo can be implanted into modern human uterus. Namely the vector forces affecting human embryo skull from inside and outside can be applied to chimpanzee embryo’s skull (not hybrid, eggs and sperms are belonging to chimpanzee) (5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

3-  The Leap of Mental Threshold:

The mental capacity began to develop when australopithecine’s skull (brain) grew. It is generally accepted that there is a relationship between brain size and mental capacity. In my opinion there is a linear rate between brain size and mental capacity up to mental threshold. That value of threshold may be 650-800 cc. of brain size. Those australopithecines began to use sticks and stones as weapons against their prey and predators after this value of threshold was exceeded. They hunted their prey throwing stones and using long and pointy sticks. They fended off their predators using long and pointy sticks and throwing stones. They wielded those hand stones and pointy sticks,which was kind of weaponry or ammunition. They wielded that weaponry always. As a result of that new behaviour they could enter, encroach to every animal’s habitat including big cats. They colonized the world with their weaponry.

Use of fire and language were the natural results of those 3 main leaps. (10, 11, 12, 13)

References:

1.    

Blechschmidt Erich, Differenzierungen im Kinetischen Feld Paraitra dans Acta Anat, Basel 1969

2.    Blechschmidt Erich, Die ersten 3 Wochen nach der Befruchtung. Image Hoffmann la  Roche. Basel, 1971

3.    Kaynak O. ''Bir Memeli Embriyonu Diğer Bir Tür Memelinin Rahmine Yerleştirilip Büyütülürse Nasıl Bir Sonuç Alınır?''Evcil Dergisi, 1983

4.    Kaynak O. ''Bugünkü Halimize Nasıl Dönüştük?''  Cumhuriyet Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2007

5.    Kaynak O. '' İnsan Evriminde Dik Duruşun ve Beyin Büyümesinin Nasıl Gerçekleştiğine Dair Yeni Bir Hipotez ''  IV. Ulusal Biyolojik Antropoloji Sempozyumu Bildiri Özetleri Kitapçığı s:2, 2010

6.     Kaynak O. ''Processes and Mechanisms of Human's Evolution Towards the Intelligent Living Being'' Turkish Nonlinear Science Working Group
XI. International Disorder Systems: Theory and Its Applications Sympoisum Abstract Booklet, 2011

7.    Kaynak O. ''Australopithecus Sediba'nın ''Akıl Taklası Bakış Açısı'' yla Analizi''
Cumhuriyet Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2011

8.    Kaynak O. ''Neden Dik Yürüme, Büyük Beyin ve Kılsız Beden ? yazısı üzerine eleştirel notlar''  Bilim ve Gelecek Dergisi sayı: 96/ 91, 2012

 Kaynak O.  ''an Analysis of Australopithecus Sediba from a New Viewpoint: Mentis Eversionis'' , 18th Congress of the European Anthropologial Assocition Human Evolution and  Absract Booklet s:50, 2012

9.    Kaynak O. ''''Processes and Mechanisms of Human's Evolution Towards the Intelligent Living Being''  Gordon Research Conferences, 2013

10.   Kaynak O. ''Doğal Seçilim İki Ayaklılığı ve Büyük Beyni Seçiyor mu?''  V. Ulusal Biyolojik Antropoloji Sempozyumu Bildiri Özetleri Kitapçığı s:17, 2013

11.  Kaynak O.''İnsan Evriminde Üç Sıçrama''  Cumhuriyet Bilim Teknoloji Dergisi

  s:1391/13, 2013

12- Kaynak O.''The Three Leaps in Human Evolution'' 19. European Anthropological Association Congress, Moskova Üniversitesi Bülteni . SERİ 23 : Antropoloji Yayınevi : Moskova Devlet Üniversitesi ( Moskova ) ISSN : 2074-8132 . - 2014 - №3 . - S. 91

13- Kaynak O. ''Major Transitions in Human Evolution Discussion Meeting'' The Royal Society 22-23 Ekim 2015